Psychotherapy Main Concepts Essay

When we study tender way, specifically rivet on the development of reputation and crucial to how a person or individual(a) conducts him/herself, psychology offers a variety of dimensions. The concept of personality is exchange to our attempt to understand ourselves and others and is part of the way in which we account for the differences that lead to our individuality. Psychologists ca-ca been particularly concerned with shaping of the personality in semblance to genetic and environmental influences. We start been fortunate that the study of human personality has been thriving and fruitful. We can choose from as many models we can to succor us see ourselves better and maintain good relationships (Atkinson et al., 2000). For the thrust that this authorship is taking, I wish to mention thitherfore my views individually, on behavioural, Cognitive-behavioural, psychoanalytic, and the Existential, human-centered perspectives. The Behavioral model utilizes what is ter med as the learning theory posited by Skinner and Watson and the end of the Behaviorism school. It assumes that the principles in learning i.e., conditioning (Associative and Operant) be efficacious representation to effect change in an individual. Generally, the thrust of this theoretical perspective is pore on the symptoms that a person is experiencing. Just as many of the errors of the patterns of fashion come from learning from the environment, it is also assumed that an individual leave be equal to(p) to unlearn some if not all these by apply the techniques as applied based on the learning principles.To a sealed extent I believe that this still works reinforcements are effective to some extent and in some or many plenty hence I am incorporating this stance separate or intelligible from the Cognitive-Behavioral nestle. In behavior therapy therefore, thoughts, feelings and all those malfunctioning and unwanted manifestations revealed in matchlesss activities can be unlearned and the work of a behavior therapist. The basic concepts include extinguishing utilized when maladaptive patterns are then weakened and removed and in their place habits that are healthy are established (developed and strengthened) in a series or progressive approach called successive approximations. When these (factors) are reinforced much(prenominal) as through rewards in intrinsic and extrinsic means, the potential of a more secure and unassailable change in behavior is developed and firmly established (Corey, 2004). Cognitive-Behavioral therapy. In the cognitive approach alone, the therapist understands that a invitee or for sustaining comes into the healing relationship and the formers role is to change or modify the latters maladjusted or error-filled thinking patterns. These patterns whitethorn include wishful thinking, unrealistic expectations, constant reliving and living in the past or even beyond the present and into the future, and overgeneralizing. These habits lead to confusion, thwarting and eventual constant disappointment. This therapeutic approach stresses or accentuates the rational or logical and positive worldview a viewpoint that takes into consideration that we are problem-solvers, have options in life and not that we are always left with no choice as many people think. It also looks into the fact that because we do have options then there are many things that await someone who have had bad choices in the past, and therefore can look positively into the future.Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy postulated primarily by Ellis and Beck facilitates a collaborative relationship between the patient role and therapist. With the idea that the counselor and patient together cooperate to run into a trusting relationship and agree which problems or gists need to come beginning in the course of the therapy. For the Cognitive Behaviorist Therapist, the immediate and presenting problem that the client is suffering and complaining from tak es precedence and must be addressed and centre in the treatment. There is instantaneous relief from the symptoms, and may be back up or spurred on to pursue in-depth treatment and reduction of the ailments where possible (Corey, 2004). Psychoanalytic therapy. The Psychodynamic perspective is based on the work of Sigmund Freud. He created both a theory to explain personality and mental disorders, and the form of therapy known as psychoanalysis. The psychodynamic approach assumes that all behavior and mental processes reflect constant and often unconscious struggles within the person. These usually involved conflicts between our need to accomplish basic biological instincts, for example, for food, sex or aggression, and the restrictions imposed by society. non all of those who take a psychodynamic approach accept all of Freuds original ideas, barely most would view abnormal or bad behavior as the result of a failure to resolve conflicts adequately. many an(prenominal) of the di sorders or mental illnesses recognized today without a doubt have their psychodynamic explanation aside from other viewpoints like that of the behaviourist, or the cognitivists. From simple puerility developmental diseases to Schizophrenia, there is a rationale that from Freuds camp is able to explain (Kaplan et al, 1994). The Existential approach, as put forward by Nietzsche, Kierkegaard, Sartre, Heidegger, Rollo May, and Frankl, believes that the individuals potential may lie dormant but that it is there waiting to be ushered in time. It recognizes that man is able to achieve great heights and that these are just waiting to be tapped not alone by him/herself but that also when helped by a practitioner who is persuaded of this notion. It examines such major issues as free will and the challenges of exercising this free will, the issue of mortality, loneliness and in general, the meaning of life.The Therapy is effective when the practitioner works with senile care and death and d ying issues. It focuses on the individual needs but takes into consideration the significant relationships and the meanings they bring into the persons life. Transcending the issues and problems are primary intentions of the therapist at the same time being realistic that legitimate limitations do exist and may hinder the process of recovery (Corey, 2004).Humanistic therapy. Allport, Bugental, Buhler, Maslow Rollo May, Murphy, Murray, Fritz Perls and Rogers are those that helped usher in the Humanistic theory and consequent therapy. It holds in view the individual as possessing the options or freedom to choose, creativity, and the capability to attain a state where he/she is more aware, freer, responsible and worthy of trust.Because the human mind has immense potential, the approach assesses as well that forces from the environment bear on with the individual and depending on the interplay that occurs within the individual person, the result will either be destructive or construct ive to the person. In sum, humanitarianism takes into the perspective that essentially humans are good and not evil, and that the therapy facilitates by harnessing on the human potential through the development of interpersonal skills. This results to an intensify quality life and the individual becomes an asset rather than a financial obligation to the society where he revolves in (Corey, 2004).ReferenceAtkinson, R.L., R.C. Atkinson, E.E Smith, D.J. Bem, and S. Nolen-Hoeksema. Introduction to Psychology. 13th Ed. raw(a) York Harcourt College Publishers, 2000.Corey, Gerald, 2004. Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy. Thomson Learning, USA.Kaplan, HI, BJ Saddock and JA Grebb. 1994. Kaplan and Saddocks Synopsis of Psychiatry Behavioral Sciences clinical psychiatry. Baltimore Williams and Wilkins.